Clinical Studies & References

Wound Infection in Clinical Practice: Principles of Best Practice

Haesler E, Swanson T, Sussman G, et al.

International Wound Infection Institute

The newest overarching international infection guidance and the primary current reference for wound infection management in clinical practice.

Therapeutic Wound and Skin Cleansing: Clinical Evidence and Recommendations

Swanson T, Haesler E, Ousey K.

Wounds International

Particularly important for cleansing and irrigation protocols, this resource provides clinical evidence and recommendations for therapeutic wound and skin cleansing.

IWII Wound Infection in Clinical Practice Consensus Update

Swanson T, Ousey K, Haesler E, et al.

Journal of Wound Care. 2022;31(Sup12):S10-S21.

Consensus update on wound infection in clinical practice, published in the Journal of Wound Care. doi: 10.12968/jowc.2022.31.Sup12.S10

Consensus Guidelines for the Identification and Treatment of Biofilms in Chronic Nonhealing Wounds

Schultz G, Bjarnsholt T, James GA, et al.

Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2017;25:744-757.

Consensus guidelines addressing biofilm identification and treatment in chronic nonhealing wounds. doi: 10.1111/wrr.12590

Best Practice for Wound Debridement

Mayer DO, et al.

Journal of Wound Care. 2024;33(Sup6b):S1.

Comprehensive best practice guidance for wound debridement, published as a supplement in the Journal of Wound Care.

International Wound Debridement Consensus

Journal of Tissue Viability. 2024;33(4):688-692.

International consensus on wound debridement practices and standards. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2024.07.003

Water for Wound Cleansing

Fernandez R, et al.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022;9:CD003861.

Systematic review examining the use of water for wound cleansing. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003861.pub4

Using Tap Water Compared with Normal Saline for Cleansing Wounds in Adults

Holman M.

Journal of Wound Care. 2023;32(8):507-512.

A literature review of the evidence comparing tap water and normal saline for wound cleansing in adults. doi: 10.12968/jowc.2023.32.8.507

Wound Cleansing Solutions versus Normal Saline in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Ringblom A, et al.

Journal of Tissue Viability. 2024;33(4):591-597.

A systematic review comparing wound cleansing solutions to normal saline in diabetic foot ulcer treatment. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2024.08.010

Practical Guidelines on Prevention and Management of Diabetes-Related Foot Disease (IWGDF 2023 Update)

Schaper NC, et al.

Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews. 2024;40(3):e3657.

Updated IWGDF practical guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetes-related foot disease. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3657

IWGDF/IDSA Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes-Related Foot Infections

Senneville E, et al.

Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews. 2023;40(3):e3687.

Joint IWGDF/IDSA guidelines covering diagnosis and treatment of diabetes-related foot infections. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3687

WHS Guidelines for the Treatment of Pressure Ulcers -- 2023 Update

Gould LJ, et al.

Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2024.

Updated WHS guidelines recommending cleansing initially and at dressing changes with a pH-balanced, nonirritating, nontoxic solution while minimizing chemical and mechanical trauma.